原標(biāo)題：在非工業(yè)化環(huán)境下，嬰兒真菌和細(xì)菌失調(diào)與兒童過(guò)敏性哮喘的關(guān)系
　　①哮喘是兒童最常見(jiàn)的慢性病。最近，我們?cè)谛∈蠛图幽么髬雰旱纳缙诎l(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重要的窗口，在此期間，腸道微生物變化(失調(diào))影響哮喘的發(fā)展?？紤]到全球人類(lèi)腸道微生物群的地理差異，我們研究了生活在不同發(fā)展中國(guó)家環(huán)境中的人群腸道微生物失調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)敏性哮喘的影響。②我們?cè)噲D確定嬰兒早期的微生物變化是否與非工業(yè)化環(huán)境下的過(guò)敏性哮喘的發(fā)展有關(guān)。③方法我們?cè)诙蚬隙酄栟r(nóng)村的一個(gè)出生隊(duì)列中進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)病例對(duì)照研究，其中我們確定了27名患有過(guò)敏性哮喘的兒童和70名5歲的健康對(duì)照受試者。我們使用16S和18S測(cè)序分析了3個(gè)月大的糞便樣本中的細(xì)菌和真核菌群。利用16S rRNA數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)重建未觀察到的狀態(tài)，對(duì)群落進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究，利用《京都基因百科全書(shū)》和基因組本體論對(duì)細(xì)菌的功能進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，預(yù)測(cè)細(xì)菌的元基因組。采用氣相色譜法測(cè)定糞便短鏈脂肪酸的濃度。④正如之前在加拿大嬰兒中觀察到的，微生物在3個(gè)月大時(shí)的異常生長(zhǎng)與后來(lái)過(guò)敏性哮喘的發(fā)展有關(guān)。然而，厄瓜多爾嬰兒的微生態(tài)失調(diào)涉及不同的細(xì)菌類(lèi)群，更為顯著的是，也涉及幾個(gè)真菌類(lèi)群。預(yù)測(cè)的元基因組分析強(qiáng)調(diào)了碳水化合物和牛磺酸代謝相關(guān)基因的顯著差異。在患有過(guò)敏性哮喘的3個(gè)月兒童的糞便樣本中，乙酸鹽和己酸鹽的短鏈脂肪酸水平分別降低和升高。⑤我們的研究結(jié)果支持了真菌和細(xì)菌菌群在出生后100天內(nèi)對(duì)過(guò)敏性哮喘發(fā)展的重要性，并為將調(diào)節(jié)腸道微生物群作為主要的哮喘預(yù)防策略提供了額外的支持。


延伸閱讀
Associations between infant fungal and bacterial dysbiosis and childhood atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.041
Abstract:
Background
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood. Recently, we identified a critical window early in the life of both mice and Canadian infants during which gut microbial changes (dysbiosis) affect asthma development. Given geographic differences in human gut microbiota worldwide, we studied the effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on atopic wheeze in a population living in a distinct developing world environment.
Objective
We sought to determine whether microbial alterations in early infancy are associated with the development of atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting.
Methods
We conducted a case-control study nested within a birth cohort from rural Ecuador in which we identified 27 children with atopic wheeze and 70 healthy control subjects at 5 years of age. We analyzed bacterial and eukaryotic gut microbiota in stool samples collected at 3 months of age using 16S and 18S sequencing. Bacterial metagenomes were predicted from 16S rRNA data by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States and categorized by function with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology. Concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids were determined by using gas chromatography。
Results
As previously observed in Canadian infants, microbial dysbiosis at 3 months of age was associated with later development of atopic wheeze. However, the dysbiosis in Ecuadorian babies involved different bacterial taxa, was more pronounced, and also involved several fungal taxa. Predicted metagenomic analysis emphasized significant dysbiosis-associated differences in genes involved in carbohydrate and taurine metabolism. Levels of the fecal short-chain fatty acids acetate and caproate were reduced and increased, respectively, in the 3-month stool samples of children who went on to have atopic wheeze
Conclusions
Our findings support the importance of fungal and bacterial microbiota during the first 100 days of life on the development of atopic wheeze and provide additional support for considering modulation of the gut microbiome as a primary asthma prevention strategy.
All Authors:
Marie-Claire Arrieta Andrea ArévaloLeah Stiemsma Pedro Dimitriu Martha E. Chico Sofia Loor Maritza Vaca Rozlyn C.T. Boutin Evan Morien Mingliang Jin Stuart E. Turvey Jens Walter Laura Wegener Parfrey Philip J. Cooper Brett Finlay
　　創(chuàng)建過(guò)敏性疾病的科研、科普知識(shí)交流平臺(tái)，為過(guò)敏患者提供專(zhuān)業(yè)診斷、治療、預(yù)防的共享平臺(tái)。