原標題：腸道微生物態(tài)與過敏、濕疹和哮喘的關系:系統(tǒng)綜述
　　腸道微生物群在免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)育和免疫反應調(diào)控中起著重要作用。本文綜述了新生兒和兒童腸道微生物群與過敏、濕疹和哮喘的關系?？偟膩碚f，桿菌科、梭菌科和腸桿菌科相對豐度較高，雙歧桿菌科和乳酸菌科相對豐度較低，與過敏、濕疹或哮喘的發(fā)生有關。細菌多樣性的減少可能與變應性疾病的發(fā)生有關。與新生兒相比，年齡較大的兒童腸道微生物群的組成與過敏性疾病或哮喘的發(fā)展之間的關系不太一致，這表明早期生活中微生物的接觸扮演著更重要的角色。不同研究報告的結(jié)果不一致，部分原因可能是設計、研究群體、診斷標準、微生物群分析方法和不同分類水平的報告的異質(zhì)性。更大規(guī)模的研究能更好地解釋產(chǎn)前和產(chǎn)后因素，這將有助于進一步確定與過敏和哮喘風險增加相關的特定腸道微生物特征。這將使我們能早期識別高危嬰兒，并促進預防和治療這些疾病的新策略和干預措施的形成，包括在生命早期修改腸道微生物群。
延伸閱讀
JACI
Association between the intestinal microbiota and allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma: A systematic review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.025
The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in development of the immune system and regulation of immune responses. This review summarizes the association between the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, and asthma in neonates and children. Overall, a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae and a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae is associated with the development of allergic sensitization, eczema, or asthma. Reduced bacterial diversity can be associated with the development of allergic disease. The association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the development of allergic disease or asthma is less consistent in older children than in neonates, suggesting that early-life microbial exposure plays a more important role. Inconsistencies in the results reported from different studies might partly be explained by heterogeneity in design, study populations, diagnostic criteria, microbiota analysis methods, and reporting on different taxonomic levels. Larger studies that better account for antenatal and postnatal factors will further help determine specific microbial intestinal signatures associated with increased risk of allergy and asthma. This will enable the early identification of infants at high risk and facilitate novel strategies and interventions to prevent and treat these conditions, including modifying the intestinal microbiota early in life.
All Authors:
Petra Zimmermann Nicole Messina  William W. Mohn B. Brett Finlay Nigel Curtis
　　創(chuàng)建過敏性疾病的科研、科普知識交流平臺，為過敏患者提供專業(yè)診斷、治療、預防的共享平臺。