背景：過(guò)敏性疾病已成為富裕社會(huì)的主要公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題之一。生命早期的微生物定植似乎對(duì)指導(dǎo)兒童免疫系統(tǒng)成熟和過(guò)敏發(fā)展的調(diào)節(jié)至關(guān)重要。盡管口腔是大多數(shù)外來(lái)抗原與免疫系統(tǒng)接觸的第一個(gè)部位，但口腔細(xì)菌對(duì)過(guò)敏反應(yīng)發(fā)展的影響還沒(méi)有很多報(bào)道。
方法：對(duì)3、6、12、24個(gè)月和7歲過(guò)敏兒童（n=47）以及7歲以下健康兒童（n=33）的唾液樣本中口腔細(xì)菌組成成分特征采用16S rDNA基因的Illumina測(cè)序法測(cè)序。
結(jié)果：患過(guò)敏性疾病的兒童，尤其是哮喘的兒童，在7歲時(shí)唾液細(xì)菌的多樣性較低，細(xì)菌成分差異較大，這些人的口腔微生物群明顯改變，可能是嬰兒期免疫系統(tǒng)受損的結(jié)果。此外，過(guò)敏兒童溶血孿生球菌（Gemella haemolysans）的相對(duì)數(shù)量上升，而健康兒童的格氏乳桿菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）和卷曲乳桿菌（L.crispatus）的相對(duì)數(shù)量增加，這些情況在嬰兒早期是獨(dú)特的，可能影響早期免疫成熟。

結(jié)論：口腔微生物成分的早期變化似乎影響免疫成熟和過(guò)敏的發(fā)展。未來(lái)的實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該測(cè)試格氏乳桿菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）和卷曲乳桿菌（L.crispatus）兩種益生菌的潛力。

延伸閱讀
 Allergy                                                    

Oral microbiota maturation during the first 7 years of life in relation to allergy development 
DOI: 10.1111/all.13449
Background: Allergic diseases have become a major public health problem in affluent societies. Microbial colonization early in life seems to be critical for instructing regulation on immune system maturation and allergy development in children. Even though the oral cavity is the first site of encounter between a majority of foreign antigens and the immune system, the influence of oral bacteria on allergy development has not yet been reported.
Methods: Illumina sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene was used to characterize the oral bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age from children developing allergic symptoms and sensitization (n=47) and children staying healthy (n=33) up to seven years of age.
Results: Children developing allergic disease, particularly asthma, had lower diversity of salivary bacteria together with highly divergent bacterial composition at 7 years of age, showing a clearly altered oral microbiota in these individuals, likely as a consequence of an impaired immune system during infancy. Moreover, the relative amounts of several bacterial species, including increased abundance of Gemella haemolysans in children developing allergies and Lactobacillus gasseri and L.crispatus in healthy children, was distinctive during early infancy, likely influencing early immune maturation.
Conclusion: Early changes in oral microbial composition seem to influence immune maturation and allergy development. Future experiments should test the probiotic potential of L. gasseri and L.crispatus isolates.
First Author:
Majda Dzidic
All Authors:
Majda Dzidic, Thomas Abrahamsson,  Alejandro Artacho , Maria Carmen Collado , Alex Mira and Maria C Jenmalm,
創(chuàng)建過(guò)敏性疾病的科研、科普知識(shí)交流平臺(tái)，為過(guò)敏患者提供專(zhuān)業(yè)診斷、治療、預(yù)防的共享平臺(tái)。