原標(biāo)題：食物過(guò)敏和食物耐受的細(xì)胞分子學(xué)機(jī)理
　　人體的免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)攝入的無(wú)害抗原，包括食物蛋白，通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)局部和全身免疫反應(yīng)，這一過(guò)程被稱(chēng)為口服耐受。對(duì)食物蛋白的耐受性可能與胃腸道對(duì)大量共生微生物的耐受性機(jī)制密切相關(guān)。在這里，我們回顧了目前對(duì)食物耐受的免疫機(jī)制的理解，以及這些機(jī)制中出現(xiàn)的干擾如何促進(jìn)食物耐受的喪失和食物過(guò)敏的發(fā)展。討論了共生菌群在促進(jìn)食物耐受中的作用以及腸道失調(diào)與食物過(guò)敏的關(guān)系。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)支持皮膚對(duì)食物抗原的敏感性，認(rèn)為這可能是導(dǎo)致耐受不能形成或耐受喪失的一種機(jī)制。對(duì)食物過(guò)敏進(jìn)行免疫治療的目標(biāo)是通過(guò)一些機(jī)制誘導(dǎo)對(duì)食物過(guò)敏原的持續(xù)脫敏，甚至是產(chǎn)生真正的長(zhǎng)期耐受性，這些機(jī)制可能在一定程度上與天然食物耐受性的形成相重疊。

　　延伸閱讀

Allergy                                                  
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.004
Abstract:
Ingestion of innocuous antigens, including food proteins, normally results in local and systemic immune nonresponsiveness in a process termed oral tolerance. Oral tolerance to food proteins is likely to be intimately linked to mechanisms that are responsible for gastrointestinal tolerance to large numbers of commensal microbes. Here we review our current understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for oral tolerance and how perturbations in these mechanisms might promote the loss of oral tolerance and development of food allergies. Roles for the commensal microbiome in promoting oral tolerance and the association of intestinal dysbiosis with food allergy are discussed. Growing evidence supports cutaneous sensitization to food antigens as one possible mechanism leading to the failure to develop or loss of oral tolerance. A goal of immunotherapy for food allergies is to induce sustained desensitization or even true long-term oral tolerance to food allergens through mechanisms that might in part overlap with those associated with the development of natural oral tolerance.
First Author:
R. SharonChinthrajahMD.
Correspondence:
Kari C.NadeauMD, PhD
All Authors:
Joseph HernandezMD, PhD ?Scott D.BoydMD, PhD Stephen J.Galli MD   
　　創(chuàng)建過(guò)敏性疾病的科研、科普知識(shí)交流平臺(tái)，為過(guò)敏患者提供專(zhuān)業(yè)診斷、治療、預(yù)防的共享平臺(tái)。